Brief

In an upscale neighborhood, at that point maybe it could contend that Its inability to give security watches Is sensible. On the off chance that the business Is situated In a wrongdoing ridden zone, When instructions a case, you will probably lessen the data from the case Into an organization that will give you a supportive reference in class and for survey. Most Importantly, by instructions a case, you will get a handle on the issue the court confronted (the issuel the significant law the court used to olve it (the standard) how the court applied the standard to the realities (the application or analysisb and the result (the end). You will at that point be prepared to talk about the case, yet to look into it to different cases including a comparable issue. Before endeavoring to brief a case, read the case at any rate once, Follow the IRAC strategy in preparation cases: Facts* Write a concise outline of the realities as the court saw them as. Dispose of realities that are not applicable to the courts investigation. For instance, a businesss road address is most likely not applicable to the courts choice ot the issue ot whether the business that old a criminologist item Is capable for the subsequent Injuries to the offended party. Notwithstanding, assume a client who was ambushed as she left Its store Is suing the business. The client guarantees that her Injuries were the sensibly predictable aftereffect of the businesss inability to give security watches. On the off chance that the business Is, at that point maybe the client Is correct. Rather than Including the road address For the situation brief, you may need to just depict the kind of neighborhood where it Is found. Note: the hour of day would be another significant factor for this situation, among others). Procedural History* What court wrote the conclusion: The US Supreme Court? The California Court of Appeal? The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals? (Clue: Check under the title of the case: The Court and year of the choice will be given). On the off chance that a preliminary court gave the choice, is it dependent on a preliminary, or movement for synopsis judgment, and so on.? On the off chance that a re-appraising court gave the choice, how did the lower courts choose the case? Issue What is the issue introduced to the court? Typically, just one issue will be examined, yet once in a while there will be more. What are the gatherings quarreling over, nd what are they requesting that the court choose? For instance, on account of the ambushed client, the issue for a preliminary court to choose may be whether the business had an obligation to the client to give security watches. The response to the inquiry will help to at last decide * This applies to case briefs just, and not tests. utilize the IRAC technique In noting tests: Issue,Rule/Andlysls/Concluslon. hether the business Is subject for carelessly neglecting to give security watches: regardless of whether the litigant owed offended party an obligation of care, and what that obligation of care Is, re key Issues in carelessness claims. Rule(s): Determine what the pertinent guidelines of law are that the court uses to settle on its choice. These principles will be recognized and examined by the court. For instance, on account of the ambushed client, the sig nificant principle of law is that a land owners obligation to forestall damage to invitees is dictated by adjusting the predictability of the mischief against the weight of preventive measures. There might be more than one important guideline of law to a case: for instance, in a carelessness case in which the respondent contends cap the offended party accepted the danger of mischief, the significant standards of law could be the components of carelessness, and the meaning of suspicion of hazard as a safeguard. Dont basically list the reason for activity, for example, carelessness when in doubt of law: What rule should the court apply to the realities to decide the result? Application/Analysis: This might be the most significant segment of the brief. The court will have analyzed the realities considering the standard, and most likely thought to be all sides and contentions introduced to it. How courts apply the standard to the realities and break down the case must be nderstood so as to appropriately anticipate results in future cases including a similar issue. What does the court consider to be a significant certainty given the standard of law? How does the court decipher the standard: for instance, does the court consider money related expenses of giving security watches in gauging the weight of preventive measures? Does the court infer that on the off chance that a business is in a hazardous region, at that point it ought to be happy to tolerate a greater expense for security? Oppose the impulse to only recurrent what the court said in examining the realities: I'm not catching it's meaning to you? Sum up the ourts reason in your own words. On the off chance that you experience a word that you don't have the foggiest idea, utilize a word reference to locate its significance. End What was the ultimate result of the case? In a couple of sentences, express the courts extreme finding. For instance, the business didn't owe the ambushed client an obligation to give security watches. Note: Case preparation is an expertise that you will create all through the semester. Practice will assist you with building up this ability. Occasionally, case briefs will be gathered for reasons for criticism. Whenever, you may present your case brief(s) for criticism.

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Last - Essay Example There is, hence, an approaching good difficulty for supporters of this confidence. Be that as it may, with respect to target reasoning, information on the outer world depends on observation. Discernment is, be that as it may, reliant on the condition of the human psyche. All the speculations of information proposed throughout the hundreds of years miss the mark as a result of components, for example, the debate of the connection among appearance and reality. In inspecting the hypotheses of authenticity and vision, logicians experience issues, for example, deception, mental trips and dreams all of which point to the perspective. For dreams, the issue is all the more so confounded if the fantasy isn't clear. The biggest impact of this film is the investigation of the subliminal through dreams. The Freudian slip is a circumstance whereby an individual makes fantastical, unessential or probably unusual proclamations. Others will accept this is because of disarray or interruption, yet Fre ud will take a gander at this as a channel the psyche is utilizing to declare its genuine wants and emotions. Similarly, dreams can play out this equivalent capacity, yet the disclosure is for the individual (Burger 40). Then again, this film is proposing the chance of getting to these disclosures. A portion of the thoughts in this hypothesis hold that people are continually battling. This battle is fundamentally between the superego and human intuition. In following the standards of society, humankind smothers its common senses. Along these lines, the apparent activities of a person, as indicated by Marcuse won't mirror the genuine self henceforth the presence of subliminal where the genuine self digs as insider facts and recollections. Marcuse may extol the utilization of this thought by the movie producer to a huge degree (Cobb 88). In depicting how he extricates thoughts, Leonardo DiCaprio in the film says â€Å"...create the universe of the dream,† this alludes to the ph ysical setting which the fantasy criminal organized. After that â€Å"...bring the subject into that fantasy, and they fill it with their secrets.† Again, the fantasy creator uses the deficiencies of discernment, for this situation utilizing recognition to deceive the brain of the visionaries (Botz-Bornstein 20). Marcuse, an advocator of an unsuppressed human race, where people do as their inner mind sees will wonder about this thought by movie executive Nolan. Marcuse underpins Freud on the possibility that people penance bliss to maintain a strategic distance from blame. This is on the grounds that their actual sentiments are dull, disgracing and unwanted (Cobb 89). Notwithstanding, these limitations likewise confine the genuine capability of people. Analyzing the subliminal preceding endeavor its ideal activities is an advantageous method to alter the alleged mischief. Marcuse won't concur with altering the subliminal on the grounds that private musings make individuals ex traordinary or more all human. In my view researchers can't explore dreams equitably observing as dreams are dependent upon an individual’s contemplations, wants, inspirations and encounters. Nonetheless, the headways made in science over the previous hundreds of years are amazing, and things thought unimaginable in the taps are presently a standard. An incredible model is the existence bolster machine, strolling on the moon, hereditary control and mechanical autonomy. One can't out appropriately preclude the chance of such an innovation existing even in the unfathomed future. The topic of whether the film â€Å"Inception† has some philosophical establishing remains undoubted. One of the

Hypchondriais and OCD Similarities and Differences

Hypchondriais and OCD Similarities and Differences OCD Symptoms and Diagnosis Print Similarities and Differences Between Hypchondriais and OCD By Owen Kelly, PhD Updated on September 19, 2019 More in OCD Symptoms and Diagnosis Causes Treatment Types Living With OCD Related Conditions Being a hypochondriac is often mistaken for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, each illness has a number of unique features which healthcare providers can use to tell these two disorders apart.   Comparing Hypochondriasis and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Hypochondriasis and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have many similarities, with underlying anxiety being at the root of both conditions. In response, many types of safety behaviors may be shared by both disorders. In contrast, there are important differences as well. Lets begin by noting the ways in which they differ, as distinguishing these conditions is important in finding the best treatment. How OCD and Hypochondriasis Are Different There are several differences between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and hypochondriasis. Some of the more common differences include are listed here. Focus on Obsessions vs Specific Concerns The biggest difference between OCD and hypochondriasis is the focus of the person’s worry and anxiety. People with OCD have obsessions that relate to a variety of themes, such as contamination, sexuality, religion, personal harm, or morals. In contrast, people with hypochondriasis have obsession-like concerns primarily related to their health. These concerns often have to do with developing a serious medical condition, such as cancer. (Nosophobia, or cyberchondria, is the fear of having a specific disease.) Preoccupation With Physical Sensations People with hypochondriasis are often preoccupied or even consumed with bodily symptoms that can be quite vague, like “my heart is tired, or very specific, such as “my throat is always sore. People with OCD are generally less preoccupied with physical sensations. Type of Help Sought: Medical vs. Psychological People with hypochondriasis often have difficulty accepting that their problems are anything but physical, and as such, seek medical rather than psychiatric or psychological help. On the other hand, people with OCD are much more likely to seek psychiatric or psychological help for the intense anxiety or distress caused by their symptoms. Awareness and Insight In general, people with hypochondriasis have less awareness or insight as to the irrationality of their fears than people with OCD. A person with OCD will often seek psychological treatment after recognizing the symptoms. A person with hypochondriasis, in contrast, will often have a medical professional recommend psychological treatment. How OCD and Hypochondriasis Are Similar Though the differences between OCD and hypochondriasis exceed the similarities, there are some characteristics that remain similar between the two. Important similarities are listed below. Ways of Reducing Anxiety Just as people with OCD often use compulsions or rituals, such as counting, checking, ordering or washing, to reduce anxiety related to obsessions, people with hypochondriasis will often try to reduce anxiety about their health by taking their pulse or checking their blood pressure. People with hypochondriasis may also frequently seek reassurance from doctors, family or friends to reduce anxiety about their health. OCD and Excessive Reassurance Seeking Impact on Life, Relationships, and Work For both those who are living with OCD and those with hypochondriasis, the distress and worry are often so intense that there is a severe impact on interpersonal relationships and/or performance at school or work. Safety Behaviors Whether a person has OCD or hypochondriasis, safety behaviors, such as checking or seeking reassurance, are used to prevent a feared outcome, or to reduce distress and anxiety. The safety behaviors feel good and are therefore used again and again. Safety behaviors actually maintain the fear and anxiety they are supposed to prevent because they keep the person from having new experiences that could help disprove their worries. For example, constantly running to the doctor for reassurance at the first sign of a stomachache does not allow a person with hypochondriasis to learn that dangerous symptoms often go away on their own. For someone with OCD, constantly ordering shirts in the closet to prevent the death of a loved one will never allow them to learn that their loved one will be OK despite having not performed the ritual. For this reason, psychological therapies for both OCD and hypochondriasis specifically target these kinds of rituals and compulsions. Can You Diagnose Yourself With Hypochondriasis or OCD? Only a qualified mental health professional should diagnose  a complex illness, such as OCD or hypochondriasis. Extensive assessment is often required to arrive at the correct diagnosis. The treatment you receive is very much tied to your diagnosis, so it is essential that you are diagnosed correctly. If you feel that you are experiencing symptoms of either OCD or hypochondriasis, speak with your family doctor. A Word From Verywell As noted, there are some strong similarities between hypochondriasis and OCD. This can lead to an inaccurate diagnosis, especially if you are attempting to diagnose yourself. Yet there are several differences between the two conditions as well, and distinguishing the conditions is important in properly treating the disorder. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Bus 430 Assignment 1 Lenscrafters Case Study - 1307 Words

BUS 430 Assignment 1: LensCrafters Case Study http://homeworkfy.com/downloads/bus-430-assignment-1-lenscrafters-case-study/ BUS 430 Assignment 1: LensCrafters Case Study Assignment 1: LensCrafters Case Study Due Week 4 and worth 250 points This assignment requires student complete an analysis of the LensCrafters case from Chapter 6 of the text. Write a six to seven (6-7) page paper in which you: 1. Evaluate LensCrafters’ operations strategy and explain how the organization seeks to gain a competitive advantage in terms of sustainability. 2. Analyze how operation management activities affect the customer experience. Select two (2) operation management challenges and provide the solutions for confronting them. 3. Examine†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Compare and contrast the difference between a supply chain and a value chain. †¢ Analyze the types of measures used for decision making. †¢ Analyze the five key competitive priorities and their relationship to operations strategy. †¢ Analyze different types of technology and their role in manufacturing and service operations. †¢ Use technology and information resources to research issues in operations management. †¢ Write clearly and concisely about operations management using proper writing mechanics. Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic / organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric. Points: 250 Assignment 1: LensCrafters Case Study Criteria Unacceptable Below 60% F Meets Minimum Expectations 60-69% D Fair 70-79% C Proficient 80-89% B Exemplary 90-100% A 1. Evaluate LensCrafters’operations strategy and explain how the organization seeks to gain a competitive advantage in terms of sustainability. Weight: 15% Did not submit or incompletely evaluated LensCrafters’ operations strategy; Did not submit or incompletely explained how the organization seeks to gain a competitive advantage in terms of sustainability. Insufficiently evaluated LensCrafters’ operations strategy; Insufficiently explained how the organization seeks to gain a competitive advantage in terms of sustainability. Partially evaluated LensCrafters’Show MoreRelatedBus 430 Complete Course Bus430 Complete Course Essay6850 Words   |  28 PagesBUS 430 Complete Course BUS430 Complete Course Click Link for the Answer: http://workbank247.com/q/bus-430-complete-course-bus430-complete-course/22257 http://workbank247.com/q/bus-430-complete-course-bus430-complete-course/22257 BUS 430 Week 1 Discussion 1 Customer Service - Zappos  Ã‚  Please respond to the following: * From the e-Activity, analyze the role that customer service plays and determine the service management skills at Zappos. Evaluate the different way(s) that Zappos creates

Essay The Fourth Wave Of Feminism A Personal Viewpoint

As a fourth wave feminist of color, black feminism means many things to me. It means that I have many opportunities available to me that the first, second, and third wave feminist did not have. It also means that although we as women of color have been fighting for equal pay, equal rights and equality in our relationships, that we still have a long way to go. Before I took this course, I thought that feminism was about equality, fighting, and power. When it comes to equality, I thought about being on the same level as men in every aspect of life. An equal opportunity to attend college, an equal opportunity to serve in the military, an equal opportunity to run for office, etc. When it comes to fighting, I think about fighting for†¦show more content†¦I refuse to let someone get in the way of my dreams. If I have a relationship with someone and they are trying to change me or do not support my dreams then I will no longer associate with them. If I am around people that do not like the fact that I am in college in my late 20s and that I want to work up toward earning a Ph.D. or a J.D. then I do not need them in my life. When it comes to my future, I am concerned about many things. I am concerned about finding a career doing something I love with a decent salary and benefits. I am also concerned about finding someone who loves me unconditionally and will accept me for who I am. I am concerned for the next generation of feminists. I wonder if our future leaders will appreciate the sacrifices that people generations before them have made so that they can have an opportunity to go beyond what their parents have accomplished. I wonder if there would have to be a 5th wave of feminism and how many â€Å"waves†, it would take until we have 100% equality with men. I am also concerned with the future of Social Security. I remember a time where you could retire at the age of 62, but in one of my classes last week, I was told that the minimum age is around 67. I hope that around 2045 (when I am 62) that there is some Social Security left for me so that I could retire. I am also concerned about my freedom. I am concerned about reproductive rights and freedom to be me. I have always been the girl that refused to conform toShow MoreRelatedThe Political And Cultural Challenges That Feminists Have Contested Over Time Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pagesthe history of feminism into three waves; first, second and third. The first wave concentrated on women’s suffrage, the second wave focused on political and cultural disparities and the third wave analysed the definitions of femininity which takes a broad view of white upper class women. This essay will compare and contrast these waves examining the social, political and cultural challenges that feminists have contested over time. It will also discuss whether or not a fourth wave exists and seeksRead MoreThe Women s Movement And The Development Of Feminism Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pagesspark of the women’s movement and the development of feminism in the twentieth century. According to femini st writer, bell hooks, in â€Å"Introduction: Come Closer to Feminism,† hooks identifies that feminism is for everyone because ‘feminism is a movement to end sexism’ (hooks 10). In other words, implying that it is not men that are the problem but the behavior and ideals sexism itself because women and men are both capable of being sexist. Feminism is not just about women getting equal rights as menRead MoreFeminist Analysis : A Woman s Motivation Essay3024 Words   |  13 PagesRhiannon Murdoch Kalsta Mr. Carver English IV 21 December 2016 Feminism in Media Narrative is one of the most powerful tools in human history. Humans are species programmed to see patterns and generalize, it is an instinct almost as deep as breathing, patterns are found and accepted. Narrative is the creation of a pattern tailored to be attractive to a large demographic, or sometimes an entire society. Historically women have been portrayed as the weaker sex, nurturers and gatherers, female charactersRead MoreSocial Reaction Theory And Feminist Theory Of Crimes1476 Words   |  6 Pages Social Reaction Theory and Feminist Theory of Crimes are the subject theories I am going to review, examine, and explain. I will be discussing the evolution of social reaction and labeling theory, which is mainly concerned with how individuals’ personal identities are highly influenced by the way that society has a tendency to classify them as offenders. 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Ford Motor Company and Ambition Free Essays

Dusty Bowles Mrs. Farmer English 102 10 September 2010 Ambitions As I started out to write a paper based on ambition I had to question myself what ambition really was. What makes people get that extra push to be ambitious, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of being an ambitious person? At first, I must admit it was very difficult to comprehend. We will write a custom essay sample on Ford Motor Company and Ambition or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the American Heritage dictionary it states that ambition comes from the Middle English word â€Å"ambicioun,† meaning â€Å"excessive desire for honor, power, or wealth. † After reading this meaning I understood what was stated, but it still did not make a clear meaning to me what ambition was. I have found that after reading a quote by Henry Ford my understanding started to all come together. Henry Ford once quoted, â€Å"Whether you think you can or can’t, you’re right. † This quote in itself explains to me that it is a self motivated decision made by one individual. It is ambition that makes us think we can be successful, and lack of ambition that makes us think that we cannot. Many people have different ambitions in life so the word ambition would have different meanings depending on which you ask and how one defines it. An ambition is an eager, and sometimes an inordinate desire for honor, superiority, leading power, or the attainment to seek a goal that is immensely desired. Ambition is something that anyone, no matter his or her age or cultural background has instinctively. Ambition can push towards a driven force for success or in altering views a road to failure. Without an ambition we, human beings, have no purpose to be self driven individuals. Ambition in other words is that motive force needed to propel all to work towards our cherished goals in which we set. Ambition is the explosive inner force that has led many people from all walks of life to make a new path, set a new vision. Ambitious people are those with the hopes of one day conquering their ambition. Ambitious people are confident and because of this, they feel there is nothing that they cannot accomplish. There are many people from many different parts of life that have had ambitions and accomplished them. For example, Donald Trump is someone I admire and is a very ambitious person in my book. Trump is listed as number 33 on the Forbes Top 100 list. Trump did not start out as successful as he is today. Back in Trump’s prime he set ambitions to achieve for what today we call his success. Trump started out going to school and got a degree in â€Å"Bachelor of Science in Economics with concentration in Finance. † School was just the start of Trumps ambitions to learn more, today he is a very successful business executive and entrepreneur. Donald Trump is someone that I respect and gives me that extra push when reading his autobiography. Being able to know that ambitions all start out as a dream until someone makes them a reality makes the possibilities endless. Ambitions can be as easy as a thought away from what the actual turnout can be. To me ambition is a burning desire to achieve ones goals or succeed. Ambition in my theory is related to dedication, motivation, and time. At my age, twenty years young I have many ambitions to achieve in a set period of time. For starters my education, I would like to complete my Bachelors in Marketing with a minor in Finance within the next four years. Time motivates me to achieve my ambitions because I strive to be well accomplished by the age of twenty-five. Ambitions are a big part of my young adult life because I would like to accomplish a lot of things before I get older. Without ambition I cannot achieve a greater milestone in my walk. Everyone has a chance to tell you their own personal story based on their walk. Without ambitions one cannot achieve a greater tomorrow. Understanding the limitations and compromises that come with obtaining any ambition is overwhelming. Putting forth and obtaining an ambition is self constructed. With hard work, experience, and overall self control, ambitions are not too far out of reach for any person to grasp. Any one person can achieve their ambitions if they set their mind to it and that gives me the reassurance that I can make it. Depending on whom you ask lets us knows the trials and tribulations one goes through while accomplishing their ambitions. After reading Donald Trumps story and the simple quote by Henry Ford that turned the light bulb in my head on, my understating of ambitions became clear. Ambitions can all be the same or they can all be different. Everyone has their own ambition and how to accomplish them. If one has ambition, one can achieve any goal. Works Cited â€Å"Ambition | Define Ambition at Dictionary. com. †Ã‚  Dictionary. com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary. om. Web. 10 Sept. 2010. . â€Å"Donald Trump: Biography from Answers. com. †Ã‚  Answers. com: Wiki QA Combined with Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Encyclopedias. Web. 10 Sept. 2010. . â€Å"#33 Donald Trump – Forbes. com. †Ã‚  Forbes. com – Business News, Financial News, Stock Market Analysis, Technology Global Headline News. Web. 10 Sept. 2010. . Google, By. â€Å"†Whether You Think You Can or Can’t, You’re Right†Ã¢â‚¬â€œHenry Ford |Strategic Business Lawyer. †Ã‚  Small Business Advice from the Champions of Small Business. 23 Jan. 2006. Web. 10 Sept. 2010. . How to cite Ford Motor Company and Ambition, Papers

Nissan Corp Swot free essay sample

Global interdependence: possible new marketsGovernment regulations: abroad in other countries as well as US and the US; global warming, CAFE standards, safety issues Growth of existing market: widen market New entrants: threat of potential inclusive of generation X,Y and baby boomersnew competitors Strong economy: economy not faltering;Changing market tastes: need for consumers still buyingcontinuous innovation to appeal to ifferent segments Nissan’s reputation: leads the industryShortage of resources: workforce in reliability, performance, and design dissatisfaction, hiring good talent Emerging technologies: innovative through the development of technologies for improving fuel economy and reducing fuel emissions Introduction This Case Paper will examine accessible information about Nissan Corporation and determine its position in the world market through a business SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). Through this analysis, we hope to see where the Nissan has been and make suggestions as to where the corporation should go to improve their bottom line, increase market share, and plan for future products to ensure their viability in the world automobile marketplace. Market Analysis Nissan’s focus in establishing a multi-cultural company begins with regaining global market share. The company has learned from past mistakes and is determined to succeed, developing a common vision and a global ompany culture that will need to be a main driver for continued strength (Associated Press, pgs. 1-8). For instance, establishing a brand name and personality that is sensitive to nationalistic cultures. Strategic alliances and joint ventures are growing in importance in the automobile industry and Nissan is no stranger to the competition. Nissan’s mission statement delivered by Mr. Ghosn in the Automotive News World Congress in 2001, is evidenced in how the company exploits synergies to create positive alliances with other manufacturers (Ibid). For example, Nissan’s announcement to venture with Ashok Leyland to build small trucks and other light commercial vehicles in India gives them an opportunity to enter a market that in recent years has been dominated by its competitors, Toyota and Honda. This venture will produce at least 100,000 vehicles annually for sale in India and for export, as it will facilitate the construction of a plant near the southern Indian city of Chennai to manufacture and export compact cars to Europe. The deal with Ashok Leyland will broaden Nissan coverage in the Indian market in addition to providing new LCV (lightweight commercial vehicle) products for emerging markets which will sell for around $3,000. 00. Ashok Leyland’s strengths in large and mid-sized trucks combined with Nissan’s strength in smaller vehicles creates a positive synergy (Ibid). According to Mr. Ghosn, partnering globally is an opportunity and the Chinese market is no exception. China is Nissan’s third largest single market, after North America and Japan. Vehicle production has grown over the past ten years. However, the major source of growth has been the production of passenger cars (The Business Review, pg. 7). Passenger car production has doubled in the past ten years. This shift is in response to a change in market conditions and in a desire for Chinese manufacturers to enter the global auto passenger car market. Consumer demand is also increasing and in order to satisfy this demand, auto production has been increasing. The demand for autos is expected to continue (Ibid). According to the Wall Street Journal, the car craze in China has just begun. There are two factors that create possible opportunities for Nissan: 1) the country has the world’s largest population and as incomes rise, so will the hopes of buying an auto some day. 2) the market may grow to 8 million vehicle sales annually by 2010. Nissan’s new line of cars in China will be designed and engineered in Japan, based on a common â€Å"B† platform shared with Renault that centers on smaller engines. Annual sales of the entire family of cars are expected to reach 200,000 units globally and will be launched in other markets over the next couple of years (Financial Times, pg. ). However, the threat of inadequate roads and the government’s changes in regulating how autos are purchased will make the costs unpredictable. On a financial scale, the banks are under pressure to control credit, so auto loans may not be easy to acquire. North America accounts for nearly 40% of Nissan’s global sales, and in each of the past years sales have exce eded those in Japan, with the gap widening each year. Nissan is spending several billion dollars on new models, and the U. S. assembly plant in Canton, MS is aimed at maintaining momentum (Ward’s Auto World, pg. 1). The most significant automotive development in North America is continuing growth in the luxury segment and the increasing popularity of cross/utility vehicles. Nissan is on track to rebuild its image and regain brand value. In the past, customer satisfaction was good, but the model lineup was limited. Now, with the Q45, M45, G35 sedan and coupe and the FX models, the market has begun to recognize that Infiniti provides a range of real luxury models (Ibid). According to Bloomberg, Honda Motor Co. and Nissan Motor Co. led Asian automakers’ U. S. sales gains in September as Toyota Motor Corp. posted a third straight decline. Accord helped boost sales by 9. 4 percent. Toyota’s 4. 4 percent drop marked the first time since 1995 that Japan’s largest automaker logged three consecutive months of lower U. S. sales. Sales of the five year-old Corolla model, Toyota’s second-most popular in the U. S. , dropped 8. 5 percent and demand for the company’s light trucks declined amid rising gasoline prices. Industrywide U. S. sales fell for a fourth consecutive month, by 2. 9 percent to 1. 31 million light vehicles (Bloomberg. com, pgs. 1-3). Toyota’s old models like the Corolla are dragging down while Honda and Nissan have brand-new models. Nissan reported a 6. 7 percent increase in sales (Ibid). Nissan, sixth in the U. S. , sold 94,269 vehicles, helped by higher demand for midsize Altima and Versa compact cars. Nissan’s market share edged up 0. 7 percentage point to 7. 2 percent. The Japanese are becoming more aggressive in terms of incentives and pricing, which makes them more competitive against South Korea’s largest automaker. The company faces tough competition from Japanese and Korean auto makers like Toyota, Honda and Mitsubishi, which are rapidly gaining ground in the European markets. Asian manufacturers are continuing to fortify their position in the crucial North American and European market. It can also expect stiff competition from Toyota and BMW (Ibid). Nissan believes that growing the business means introducing new products and has created the Nissan Revival Plan to realign their cost structure. Significant amounts of money are funneled back into product development, mostly going towards the North American market. This means there are opportunities for new innovations that will bring the company in line with a mix of vehicles that are currently on the road. Its RD costs in FY 2006/2007 stood at JFY 464,839 million, an increase of 3. 9% when compared to JFY 447,582 million in FY 2005/2006. The company increased its investment on RD activities to launch a host of new products throughout the year (Ibid). In 2007, Nissan launched a new version of its minicar, namely, Pino E, which is a 2WD model and equipped with a three-speed automotive transmission. It is claimed to offer a fuel economy of 21. 0 km/1. Furthermore, the model is considered safe and environmentally friendly, as it features anti-lock braking system (ABS), brake assist (BA) and electronic braking force distribution (EBD) systems. It is low emitting, complying with the 2005 emissions regulations in Japan. In March 2007, the company also developed a new engine technology that helps balance between responsiveness and fuel efficiency, high power and low emissions (Ibid). Today, Nissan stands behind its offerings; that fundamentals of the business are strong, products are attractive to customers, and the company is poised for sustained, profitable growth. Environmental Concerns In researching the issues of automakers in regards to the environment, many nations as stated in The Wall Street Journal, are concerned about climate change and energy security. One of the most important issues all automakers are faced with on a global scale is the reduction of emissions, more specifically carbon dioxide or CO2. Concerns for the future in the minds of the majority are setting new goals for automakers of vehicles with internal combustion engines to become more efficient if they are to remain profitable or even in existence, which is further backed by a global treaty known as the Kyoto protocol (Wall Street Journal). In the protocol’s drafting of new rules they are intended to cap emissions of CO2, the gas widely blamed for global warming can potentially pose a major threat. According to scientists, it is reported that the rise in the earth’s average atmospheric temperature is largely due to this major contributor CO2 which will bring changes to the global environment, and therefore affect our daily lives (Ibid). According to the Wall Street Journal, a debate is raging in the US over how much time automakers actually need to boost fuel economy, and whether setting stringent targets will compromise safety by encouraging car makers to use lighter materials. Additionally, the US has not adopted the Kyota protocol and is under less pressure to reduce CO2 emissions as they are in Europe. Therefore, Nissan’s global prominence puts the auto manufacturer in an â€Å"opportunity† position by making concentrated efforts in advanced technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions at every stage of the vehicles life cycle and their corporate activities, from manufacturing and transportation to use of Nissan’s vehicles by its consumers. Nissan, currently the third largest automaker out of Japan has opportunity to grow stronger from the threats of one and two automakers Toyota and Honda respectively, who lead the market in alternative fuel development (Wall Street Journal). According to Nissan’s Green Program, it is Nissan’s view that internal combustion engines will continue to be the main power source of vehicles globally in the years ahead. Therefore, Nissan therefore takes a stance of reducing CO2 emissions through the development and widespread adoption of advanced technologies for improving the fuel economy of gasoline engine vehicles. Currently in the works for Nissan is the development of cleaner diesel engine vehicles that run on biofuels made from plants and other reusable sources (Ibid). Nissan estimates that over half of the vehicles they sell by 2050 will need to be electrically powered if they are to reach their long term goal of reducing CO2 emissions. Nissan’s threat has been its major competitors in developing hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles and electrical vehicles. Other companies such as Toyota are setting the bar in alternative fuel sources which makes them a profitable industry leader with the obvious threats of gas prices that change virtually on a daily basis (Ibid). Nissan History and Innovation Nissan Motors’ history dates back to the 1930s when Jidosha Seizo Co Ltd was established in 1933 in Yokohoma City, Japan. Its beginnings as a munitions company was short lived when the company was renamed to Nissan Heavy Industry Co Ltd and introduced the first Datsun, manufactured after World War II. After the company began exporting the cars to the US in 1958, it gained popularity due to its small size and high fuel efficiency. Subsequently, in 1980, Nissan Motor established Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corp. USA to strengthen its market potential in North America (ABI/INFORM Global pg. 1). Today, Nissan supplies a widespread customer base classified across regions, namely, Japan, the US, Asia, Europe and General Overseas Market, which includes Mexico and Canada. This market includes 150 dealers and 2,500 outlets worldwide (Ibid). This is the age of globalization and the worldwide interdependence of resource supplies, product markets, and business competition. Nissan has succeeded in meeting its challenges due to its focus in valuing diversity both in its workforce and through understanding customer needs. This is evident in how the company plans ahead and is always looking for new ways to improve current performance. For instance, the company learned from past mistakes; failure to recognize changing customer focus in non-growth sectors, and being competitively focused rather than market focused. Also, finding the right people and the right plan to maximize growth is key (Nissan News, pg. 8). Shiro Nakamura Nissan’s automotive designer is known as â€Å"The man behind the Nisan Look† and has developed some up-to-date, eye-catching designs that have no resemblance to the old models, and the company is optimistic that sales will increase once the current plan to launch 28 new cars during fiscal year 2008. Most of the changes are defined to the upper body and adjusted to make it more like the Altima (Business Week, pg. 1). Nissan’s innovations stem from producing a product that their customers want. Their philosophy is that investing in a product that will bring value and satisfaction to its customers will build loyalty as well as expand that market base. Nissan’s models include Maxima and Sentra cars, Altima and upscale sedans, Frontier pickups, the 350Z sports car, and Xterra and Pathfinder SUVs. In 1999 French automaker Renault took a 37% stake in Nissan, and installed president and CEO Carlos Ghosn (nicknamed â€Å"Le Cost Killer† based on his talent for turning red ink black) who has since returned the company to profitability. Renault now owns almost 45% of Nissan. According to Hoovers, Nissan fiscal year end sales in March were in millions, $80,583. 7. Net income in millions was $4,427. 8, and 1 year net income growth was 7. 0%. Their top competitors were General Motors, Honda, and Toyota (Hoovers. com, pg. -2) Generation â€Å"X† consumers can identify with the sports world, ESPN’s X Games. Games showcase the world’s most dangerous events. The â€Å"X† generation is also playing a big role in the fashion world, thus the automotive industry has been one of the leaders driving the â€Å"X† growing trend. Jaguar’s Web site prominently features a glowing X to promote the new â€Å"Jaguar X-Type: a car for a new generationâ⠂¬ . And Nissan has scored big with the model Nissan Xterra. This trend is enabling Nissan to tap into a pool of younger car buyers. The vehicle has attracted many new buyers, some of which have never purchased a Nissan before. The Xterra is aimed to attract 25 to 35 year old drivers. Marketing tactics fill viewers with scenes of athletes doing extreme outdoor exercise, and pushing their SUVs to the extreme. Polls cited that men were most affected with the advertisement than women. 13% to 9%. According to the Gallop polls, the ads scored highest among those 30 to 39 years old, which is right where the company was trying to segment. The 25 to 35 year old target market (USA Today, pg. 2-3). Baby Boomers on the other hand are most attracted to the Nissan Murano, or Nissan Bevel. Nissan’s long term vision for 2015 is that future vehicles will save lives by installing a series of sensors that can detect sobriety of a driver and can immobilize the car. Other features include detecting operational changes, such as drifting out of a lane, at which time the system navigation system alerts the driver with voice message alerts and the seat belt is tightened. Nissan is currently testing an on-board breathalyzer and road sensors to help reduce accidents. Other plans to develop an Intelligent Transport System Project and road sensors will help reduce accidents (Nissan. com, pg. 1-2) The company understands the importance of agility in a dynamic 21st century market and is continuously reinventing itself to stay ahead of the competition. Sometimes, this means taking risks. Most recently, the company made an announcement that it was moving its headquarters from California to Tennessee. The new facility will accommodate 1300 plus employees and favorable for business, not to mention contributing to the infrastructure and supporting the community with more jobs. It’s inevitable that there could be some unforeseeable threats perhaps with current labor force. Some issues could be that they are not in agreement with the transfer and choose to leave the company, thus the need for new hires. Other potential threats are the risk of new competitors in the area, and developing a new sense for the new market. The California population may not have the same tastes and likes as the Tennessee population, thus Nissan could expend additional resources to substitute products and services (Tennessean. om, pg. 1-4). A strategy for the future that Nissan could consider would be to offer a motorcycle product. Exploring and pursuing this opportunity would allow them to remain competitive and also to offer products to meet different needs. Honda, BMW, and Suzuki, all of whom offer cars, trucks, and sport utility vehicles, Nissan too should visit the idea of offering a motorcycle. Over the years Nissan has developed quality products that are dependable, hi ghly functional and desirable; this being an advantage for Nissan. Along with remaining competitive, the high price of fuel recently would make a Nissan motorcycle more appealing. The motorcycle would alleviate fuel expenses and consumption. The Nissan motorcycle would also be appealing in geographic locations such as Japan, China and major cities in the United States that do not have the space on roads for larger vehicles. Nissan plans to offer a concept vehicle that resembles a car and a motorcycle. This vehicle is called â€Å"Urge† and offers state of the art gaming systems that allow the driver to use the gas and brake pedals to play. When considering the pricing of a Nissan motorcycle and remaining competitive, Nissan should consider that Honda and Suzuki offer motorcycles at reasonably affordable prices. Suzuki offers several types of motorcycles to include cruisers, motocross, and sport bikes all at reasonable prices ranging from $6,000. 00 to under $10,000. Honda also offers cruisers, motocross, and sport bikes. Honda motorcycles range from $3,000 to $13,000. In order to lure prospective buyers into purchasing a Nissan motorcycle, Nissan should strive to offer its motorcycles at reasonable prices, similar to Suzuki and Honda. The price range for motorcycles made by BMW is slightly higher starting at $8,000 to $15,000. BMW has offered a motorcycle since 1923. Its tenure along with the fact that consumers have learned to trust the German made motorcycle are what keep BMW competitive. Offering reasonably priced and desirable styles similar to BMW, Honda and Suzuki is a great opportunity that has not been approached by Nissan. The cruiser styles offered by Honda, Suzuki and BMW resemble that of a Harley –Davidson motorcycle without the high cost. The market for Nissan motorcycles is positive with the increasing cost of fuel and the ages of future drivers. Most of the baby boomer generation have become accustomed to the quality of Nissan vehicles and would be approaching retirement age in the next few years. Nissan’s release of motorcycles would segment the soon retired baby boomers as a fun and recreational of transportation. The Nissan motorcycle would also segment the new drivers of today which in a few years will be the young generation to market to. Nissan would have to be conscious of expenses in marketing and production of the motorcycle, a product never offered and could use the business model already established by its competitors offering both motorcycles and automobiles in the industry. According to Analysts, the economy is not faltering and people are still hopeful for the future. It is a race to the finish line, and who ever gets there first wins. It will be interesting to see how automobile manufacturers will implement new strategies (Economy Today, pg. 1) Nissan Technologies –Past and Future New technologies were as important to Nissan’s past as they are to Nissan’s future. Nissan has always addressed environmental issues, including the development of clean power sources for vehicles and recycling of natural resources. Nissan has been able to release one new model after another with fuel-efficient direct-injection gasoline engines and direct-injection diesel engines since 1997. This has led to the expanding application of the Hyper CVT (continuously variable transmission) , the Extroid CVT, the Tino Hybrid and the two-seater Hypermini electric vehicle in the early part of 2000 for efficient fuel economy (Nissan global. om). Nissans history goes back to an automobile factory started by Masujiro Hashimoto in 1911 called the Kwaishinsha Co. In 1914, a box-type small passenger car was completed and in the following year the car made its debut on the market under the name of Dat Car. Another predecessor of Nissan was Jitsuyo Jidosha Co. , Ltd. , which imported m achine tools and components from the U. S. , and was one of the most modern automobile factories of its time. Kwaishinsha Co. and Jitsuyo Jidohsa Co. merged in 1926 to form Dat Jidosha Seizo Co. , and two years later to the establishment of Nissan Motor Co. Ibid). In preparation for post war capital investment in Japan, Nissan developed two state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities leading to the advancement of motorization and increased traffic accidents; and contributed to the problem of air pollution. Nissan developed its first Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV) in 1971 and over the years created a reputation for excellence in engineering and advanced technology. Nissan has developed weight-reducing materials, engine management systems for controlling combustion, and using CAD/CAM systems and industrial robots (Ibid). Recently, Nissan has also been localizing RD operations, which has now advanced decision-making through the regional headquarters in North America and Europe. Nissans local operations in their respective regions oversee product development, manufacturing, procurement, fund-raising and mutual complementation of parts between companies (Ibid). Nissan’s Vision Nissan is developing corporate activities centered on automobile manufacturing based on their vision of â€Å"enriching people’s lives. In order for cars, which provide mobility, to truly become reliable partners for our customers, a number of issues including global environmental issues, traffic accidents and congestion problems must be tackled as part of a long-term vision (Nissan global. com). The global automotive industry is entering an era that will change almost every facet of the car in the future to come. Nissan’s global vision includes the pursuit of environmentally sustainable technologies creating one of the greatest engineering competitions in history that has the potential to deliver significant benefits to humanity (Ibid). To realize our vision, Nissan is developing technologies based on a framework called the â€Å"Orchard† concept. † This concept allows Nissan to embrace technologies in a comprehensive manner (Nissan global. com). In order to create a distinct value in order for customers to choose their cars, Nissan is likening its approach to the management of a fruit orchard in which â€Å"fruit† is planted and raised. The process has three phases, one the Harvest Plan, two Seeding and Growth and three – Soil Enrichment. The Harvest Plan takes into account social needs and market demands for the commercialization of technologies and the timing of releases. Seeding and Growth will implement strategies for the realization of the Harvest Plan and to formulate development of schemes. Lastly, Soil Enrichment will create value for the long term by researching reliability improvement and analysis technologies (Ibid). Some of the proposed solutions are more efficient fuel-cells for electric cars, bio-fuels, advanced diesel fuels or combinations of these solutions. However, the most effective solutions will not be decided by engineers. It will be decided by consumer demand, which is the most powerful force for global environmental progress. Every new car buyer in every country gets a vote by exercising their right to choose, thereby dictating both the pace of future change and its direction (Ibid). Nissan’s vision is to invest massively in RD in pursuit of new technologies. This has not always been the case. Due to perilous financial decisions, in 1999 Nissan could not afford to invest in the core of its brand identity technological innovation. Today, Nissan’s RD budget is much healthier than the level of 1999 due to significantly increased efficiency of their RD activities. This has led to an environmental blueprint known as Nissan’s â€Å"Green Program 2010†. Also taking advantage of the alliance with it’s parent company, Renault, Nissan is able to focus on specific promising technologies – such as advanced lithium-ion batteries and other areas, such as clean diesels. Nissan’s vision includes the determination to be the leader in environmental progress. It is Nissan’s belief that motoring can be both green and fun allowing consumers to expect new technologies that will enhance dynamic performance (Ibid). Some of the latest technologies being embraced by Nissan are the X-Trail Fuel Cell Vehicle, Ultra-low Friction Diamond-like Carbon (DLC), the Super Motor, and the Compact Lithium-ion Battery. Nissan continues to raise the practicality of FCVs, which are being developed as the most eco-friendly vehicles. The X-Trail FCV provides increased cruising range. (Nissan global. com). The FCV also provides improved acceleration. The new model features a Nissan-developed fuel cell stack that is more efficient than the previous stack resulting in maximum power of 90 kw compared with 63 kw in the 2003 model. Ultra-low Friction Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) is Nano-technology based on ultra-low friction technology. Nissan has substantially reduced friction between engine parts by developing the first technology in the world to combine a hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating with special oil. Energy is lost due to friction that arises between the hundreds of parts that comprise an engine. This ultra-low friction technology uses nanotechnology in order to reduce friction by approximately 40% compared to conventional engines. The DLC works by use of a hydrogen-free DLC coating, improves binding with the engine oil, and results in the formation of a firm ultra-low friction film when special oil additives are added. It is now possible to reduce overall engine friction by 25% (Ibid). The Super Motor and Compact Batteries Nissan has independently developed the Super Motor based on an all-new concept. One motor provides output through two shafts, enabling it to function as both a motor and a generator. This innovative technology has a wide range of potential applications (Nissan global. com). The Super Motor can dramatically reduce the size and improve the efficiency of the drive unit compared with the use of two conventional motors. Independent control of the power obtained from the two shafts. The Super Motor has rotors positioned on both the inside and outside of one stator, enabling power to be delivered through two shafts by use of a new technology to apply compound current to the Stator coils (Nissan global. com). Nissan has succeeded in independently developing a laminated lithium-ion cell that displays an exceptionally high output characteristic. This cell is the result of many years of lithium-ion battery research that began in 1992. The laminated cell is featured from the 2003 model X-TRAIL FCV (Nissan global. com). The laminated cell design and high-power electrode technology improve power output by 1. 5 times and reduce the volume by more than half compared with the conventional cylindrical cell. The thin cell construction also enables a thin module design for a substantial improvement in battery ooling efficiency. Locating the battery under the floor achieves compact and highly efficient vehicle packaging, including a low, flat floor, among other advantages. Compared with the cylindrical cell, the laminated cell has fewer components and is extremely compact and lightweight. Moreover, Nissan has succeeded in achieving higher power output through material improvements made to the lithium manganate positive electrode and the carbon negative electrode (Nissan global. com). Executive Summary Like any other automobile manufacturer, to stay competitive in today’s world markets, one must consistently innovate and stay one step ahead of the competition. In the past, automobile manufacturers have been first in presenting more fuel efficient vehicles, increased gasoline mileage rating through body redesign, and have introduced new safety features for the yearning public marketplace. Nissan current project in India is to try to regain market share from its competitors Toyota and Honda by creating Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV’s) which are small cars that can be sold for around $3,000. 00. This innovative idea can create a brand new market segment of customers who could not, up until this point, afford to purchase and operate a vehicle. Along with being fuel efficient and maintaining competitive, Nissan’s offering a motorcycle would be an added strategy to pursue. Dealing with the myriad of different cultures across the globe is also a major focus of Nissan’s Chief Operating Office Carlos Ghosn who realizes that the creation of multi-cultural company can flourish and grow through exploiting it synergies, believes that feeding off each other’s strengths, and minimizing its weaknesses are key. Automobile manufacturers like Nissan can never be â€Å"one size fits all†, but they can certainly try to understand and adapt to different cultures to maximize desired commonalities and maximize profits. These days, partnering globally cannot be realized without including China. China is Nissan’s third largest single market (only after North America and Japan). Although vehicle production has significantly increased over the last ten years, passenger car production has actually doubled in the last ten years due to market conditions and Chinese automobile manufacturers ntering the car market. China has a great position in the future manufacturing of automobiles because of increased income and an already over-inflated population. However, threats of inadequate roadways, governmental regulations on how automobiles are purchased, and pressure on Chinese banks to â€Å"control credit† may temporarily slow the process. North America has captured 40% of Nissan’s global sales and has caused an ever-widening gap with Japanese sales which has been increasing each year. Nissan has recently spent several billion dollars on new models and a new U. S. ssembly plant in Mississippi to ensure that this momentum continues. Nissan believes that growing this business means introducing new products while realigning cost structures. Large sums of money are being placed back into product development – most geared towards the North America market. Although the United States never signed onto the popular Kyoto protocol which planned to significantly reduce the amount of carbon emissions in the world, many other nations did because of the ever growing concerns of climate change on a global scale which many believe poses a worldwide threat. Nissan, however, has proactively realized this concern and has taken advantage of this opportunity by making concentrated efforts in advancing technology that reduces carbon dioxide emissions â€Å"at every stage† of the vehicle’s life cycle. Nissan is vigorously working on the creation of cleaner diesel engines that run on biofuels made from plants and other renewable sources. The threat to Nissan has been its competitors who are developing hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. Toyota has lead this aspect of the automobile industry, and has been setting the bar in alternative fuel sources making them the very green and very profitable company that envisions change in the industry. Nissan began exporting cars to the U. S in 1958 and gained popularity because of its small size and great fuel efficiency. Today, Nissan has developed new eye-catching designs that do not resemble older models. Nissan is very optimistic that sales will increase significant once these 28 new models are launched during the 2008 year. But the look of new models alone isn’t all Nissan is after. Safety features such as installing a series of sensors that can detect alcohol levels in the driver will alert the car to slow and/or become immobilized. Corporate agility is also a key factor as is shown when Nissan moved its headquarters from California to Tennessee, which accommodates over 1300 employees, supporting the community with more jobs, and reducing significant overhead. New technologies developed at Nissan have addressed environmental issues including clean power sources for its vehicles and recycling of natural resources. Nissan has envisioned that the future of their company will greater enrich peoples lives through global environment issues, and reducing traffic accident and congestion problems. Some of Nissan’s proposals include more efficient fuel-cells for electric vehicles, bio-fuels, and advanced diesel fuels. The most important facet that Nissan realizes is that effective solutions will be decided by consumer demand, not engineers. Nissan has constructed a â€Å"Green Program 2010† which has become their environmental blueprint for success in the industry.