David Berkowitz also known as Son of Sam is the serial murder whom I will be writing on Essay Example

David Berkowitz also known as Son of Sam is the serial murder whom I will be writing on Essay Example David Berkowitz also known as Son of Sam is the serial murder whom I will be writing on Paper David Berkowitz also known as Son of Sam is the serial murder whom I will be writing on Paper I will be discussing his child hood and the phases he went through. I will also be talking about how he was trained in weaponry and how he chose his victims, he also had the state of New York turmoil. David and his disorder of schizophrenia played a role in his killing spree of woman. I will also go into talking about his capture and time in jail. In writing about a serial murder you must first defined what a serial murder is. According to Bartol (2002) a serial murder is usually reservised for incidents in which an individual (or individuals) kills a number of individuals (usually a minimum of three) over time. The time intervals- sometimes referred to as the cooling off period- may be days or weeks, but more likely more likely months of years. The cooling off period is the main difference between serial murders and multiple murders. The murders are premeditated and planned, and the offender usually selects specific victims. Betty Flaco, his mother already had one child form a previous marriage. Betty soon began an affair with a married man. Things with her affair got disrupted when she became pregnant with David. David was born on June 1, 1953 in an undesirable circumstance. He was a product of a thirteen year affair with a business man with children of his own. The father of David vowed to leave her unless she gave up the child, so she arranged for his adoption. Three days after Davids birth Nathaniel and pearl Berkowitz brought him home. Nat and Pearl were a Jewish couple, they celebrated Sabbath every Friday and went to Temple. They gave David all the attention and affection they could. David and his family lived I a one bedroom apartment, he shared bedroom with his parents until he was nine years old. David was very close to his mother and he was kind of distant with his adopted father. David also resented his father because of the physical closeness he had with his mother. He did not like to share his mother with anyone or anything; David poisoned his mothers parakeet and also poisoned her tropical fish because his mother paid to much attention to them. His neighbors remember him as a nice looking boy but he had a violent streak, a bully who assaulted neighborhood kids for no apparent reason. He was hyperactive and very difficult for Pearl and Nat to control. David was not a good student, he didnt like school because he hated to be separated form his mother. He would fake being sick to sty home with him mother. During his school years he would lash out at authorities by starting fires, thieving, vandalizing property and hurting or killing animals. He prided himself on never getting caught that was the thrill. David liked the fact that he could lie his way through a situation and not get caught. In a diary he kept he admitted starting over 200 fires in the Queens- Brooklyn area. According to Dr. Robert Simon, author of Bad Men Do What Good Men Dream, a fire setting by a child is usually a symptomatic expression of sexual and aggressive over stimulation. Fire often expresses the childs hyperactive excitement and deep seated anger. The sight of fire is thought to be sexually arousing in children and sexually immature adults. His destructive and deviant behavior was never discovered because he was secretive and a loner. Though he had a few friends he was unable to establish any lasting relationships because no one was more important to David. Davids world drastically changed when he was fourteen. Just two months after his Bar Mitzvah his mother Pearl died of breast cancer. He felt abandoned because he was not even told his mother was sick. David graduated from high school in 1971, his constant absent almost made him ineligible for graduation. Nat his adopted father married a women, she had a twenty five year old daughter that was smart, and very social. David was jealous of this so he left there home and wondered around. He also attended a community college to please his father. That same year he enlisted into the Army. David was very patriotic and wanted to die for a cause. This is where he learned his marksmen skills, he was very good with rifles, and he stayed in the Army for three years. David wanted to go to Vietnam but instead was stationed to Korea. He then transferred back to the states in 1973 to Fort Knox, Kentucky. During this time in the Army he also converted to Judaism, but lost interest. David was discharged in from the Army in 1974 with no job and no place to live. He moved back in with his father and wife, but that didnt work out because of the wifes daughter. In December of 1974 David started to look for his biological family. Believing that his biological mother was died in child birth, he was searching for his biological father. His whole life he carried around the guilt of killing his mother, only to find out that is was a lie. A copy of his birth certificate gave him his birth name, Richard David Flaco, the name of his mother. He met his mother in 1975, she did not reject him outright but they had a few discouraging meetings. It was not what David expected, he was disappointed in the meetings because he found out that he had an older sister half sister, who was not put up for adoption, then he found out that he was illegitimate and the man listed on his birth certificate was not his father. The most injury was caused when he found out that he was given up because he was not wanted by his mother and her lover, he was an accident, nothing more than a mistake. This is the beginning of the Berkowitz and his victims. Around Christmas 1975, David went to see a psychiatrist about a problem with him having demons tormenting him. On Christmas Eve David attached a fourteen year old girl with a 32 inch hunting knife, it was his first attempt at killing, and he chose her because he thought she would be an easy pray. To his surprise she fought back and screamed her head off, she had six wounds form the hunting knife but escaped with her life. Soon after this incident he moved to Westchester County. His apartment was in an attic of a privet home, he left after three month over an argument with the landlady about her dogs. Berkowitz was working as a night watchman and her dogs kept him awake. In April of 1976, he moved to Yonkers into a small studio apartment. He had the same problems at this apartment too. Berkowitz fought his murderous urges for a while, but six months after his first attempt of murder he perched a 44 caliber hand gun, with the purpose of murdering women. According to Michael Newton in Berkowitz own words, his reason for wanting to kill was that he was determined and in full agreement with myself that I must slay a women for revenge purpose and to get back at them for all the suffering they caused me. David didnt know his dictums before hand, pretty much any young lady would do. He didnt stalk his victims, he stalked the neighborhood by familiarizing himself with landmarks, streets, alleys and escape routes. His first victims were close to his childhood home in the Bronx. In the late hours of July 29, 1976 Donna Laurie and Jody Valenti were sitting in a parked car, on an open street talking. Berkowitz walked up to the passenger side of the car held the gun with one had and fired into the side window, killing Donna and wounding Jody in the thigh. Berkowitz went out hunting every night with the intention on killing a woman. He would later tell the police that when hunting would come up empty he would visit his previous crime sense to relive the joy and power of the moment and then go home to masturbate. On October 23, 1976 Berkowitz struck again, this time in Queens. He walked up to a red Volkswagen Bug where Rosemary Keenan and Carl Denaro were making out, raised the gun to the passenger side window and fired four shots. One bullet hit Carl DeNaro, shattering his skull. The other three shots went wild, none hitting Rosemary. DeNaro had long hair and was sitting in the traditional girl side of the car. Berkowitz was upset with himself because he missed the girl and shot the boy instead. His next two victims, Donna DeMasi and Joanne Lomino, were shot a month later, on November 27th while sitting on Joannes porch in Queens. Anxious he walked right up to the porch and raised his gun and fired at both the girls. Donna was wounded in the neck, and Joanne was hit in the spine, and later paralyzed her form the waist down. In February of 1977 Berkowitz shot Christine Freud and John Diehl. Christine Freund died within hours. This shooting was different from the rest because Berkowitz used two hands and the shooters stance for more control. Secondly and most importantly, he had no fear, by his own admission he was becoming more cold blooded. He had Berkowitz had succeeded in justifying his crimes and had convinced himself that it was good to do it. The media was in a panic and they named this unknown killer the . 44-Caliber Killer. On March 8, 1977 David was prowling the streets for hours looking for another victim. He found her within a block of the spot where he had shot Christine Freund to death. For no particular reason he chose Virginia Voskerichian, a pretty, intelligent young lady who was walking home from Bernard College. Berkowitz walked up to her, crouched and raised his gun in both hands and shot through her textbook that she held in front of her face for self defense. Later that evening he watched the news and gloated. The next day he bought the New York Daily News, The NY Times and The Post and the headlines screamed of his exploits. He was getting to know his audience and he was getting bolder. April was a busy month for David, he started writing anonymous letters campaign against Sam Carr, threatening his life, because his dog barked to much. He accused Carr of tormenting him and ruining his life. A few days later he shot the dog with a . 2 pistol. On the evening of April 16th David set another fire. The next night around the corner form his first shooting, David shot Valentina Suriani and Alexander Esau while they were sitting in a parked car. The murders were becoming more frequent Berkowitz considered this shooting to be his best job, not only because both people were dead but because he left his first carefully concocted Sam note at the scene of the crime. In his letter he professed note, which was signed Mr. Monster, he professed not to hate woman, and in the note left at the scene states, I am deeply hurt by hurt by your calling me a woman hater. I am not. But I am a monster. I am the Son of Sam a little brat David proceeded to write, in his slanted longhand, that his father, Sam, keeps him locked in an attic and programs him to kill. In Davids mind only God cold destroy Sam. Sam was considered the Devil. David was classified by the defense as a period schizophrenic. They believed that Davids difficulties relating to people drove him further into isolation. At this point the police tried to profile him saying, that he was someone looking for help, he was lonely and had no friends. They saw him in a cheep furnished room, afraid of women and at one point in his life he was rejected by a wife, girlfriend, sister, mother, and that rejection turned into rage. David continued to write letters to the authorities and to the news papers. On June 16th 1977 David seta fire at Ferry point park, ten days later Son of Sam struck again His victims were Judy Placido and Salvatore Lupo they were sitting in a parked car around the corner form a disco. They both survived. Another fire and a week later another murder, so he started lighting fires when he was going to strike. This would turn out to be his last murder. In the early morning David watched form a distance as a police officer ticketed his car and then walked toward a playground. The fact that the police officer ticketed his car was very significant because it showed that he was getting reckless. In additional he walked into a woman who was out walking her dog at 2am in the morning she got a really good look at him. All of his encounters that night played a key role because later the woman walking the dog would give a description of him along with other that saw him flee the scene. Davids last attack was of a strange venue, he shot then quickly and ran like hell to his car.

Archaeology Clubs for Amateurs

Archaeology Clubs for Amateurs Archaeology clubs and societies are one of the best ways for aspiring amateur and professional archaeologists to get started in their passion: find a group of people who also want to learn about archaeology or work as volunteers on archaeological digs. Even if youre not in school, or ever plan to be a professional archaeologist, you too can explore your passion for the field and even get trained and go on excavations. For that, you need an amateur archaeology club. There are numerous local and regional clubs throughout the world, with activities that range from Saturday morning reading groups to full-fledged societies with publications and conferences and opportunities to work on archaeological excavations. Some amateurs write their own reports and give presentations. If you live in a fairly good-sized city, chances are there are local amateur archaeology clubs right near you. The trouble is, how do you find them, and how do you pick the right one for you? Artifact Collector Groups There are, at heart, two kinds of amateur archaeology clubs. The first kind is an artifact collector club. These clubs are primarily interested in artifacts of the past, looking at artifacts, buying and selling artifacts, telling stories about how they found this artifact or another. Some collector groups have publications and regular swap meets. But most of these groups are not really invested in archaeology as a science. This is not to say that collectors are bad people or not enthusiastic about what they do. In fact, many amateur collectors register their collections and work with professional archaeologists to identify unknown or endangered archaeological sites. But their primary interest is not in the events or people of the past, it is in the objects. Art Versus Science To professional archaeologists (and many amateurs), an artifact is far more interesting within its context, as a part of an ancient culture, as part of the entire collection (assemblage) of artifacts and studies from an archaeological site. That includes intensive artifact studies, like where an artifact came from (called the provenience), what kind of material it was made from (sourcing) when it was used (dating), and what it might have meant to people of the past (interpretation). Bottom line, by and large, collector groups are more interested in the artistic aspects of archaeological artifacts: nothing wrong with that, but thats only a tiny aspect of the totality of learning about the cultures of the past.   Avocational Archaeology Groups The other type of archaeology club is the avocational club. The largest of these in the United States is the professional/amateur run Archaeological Institute of America. This type of club also has newsletters and local and regional meetings. But in addition, they have strong ties to the professional community, and sometimes publish full-fledged publications with reports on archaeological sites. Some sponsor group tours of archaeological sites, have regular talks by professional archaeologists, certification programs so you can get trained to volunteer at excavations, and even special sessions for children. Some even sponsor and help conduct archaeological surveys or even excavations, in conjunction with universities, that amateur members can take part in. They dont sell artifacts, and if they talk about artifacts, it is within context, what the society who made it was like, where it came from, what it was used for. Finding a Local Group So, how do you find an avocational society to join? In every American state, Canadian province, Australian territory, and British county (not to mention almost every other country in the world), you can find a professional archaeological society. Most of them keep strong ties with the avocational societies in their region, and they will know who to contact. For example, in the Americas, the Society for American Archaeology has a special Council of Affiliated Societies, in which it maintains close contact with avocational groups that support professional archaeological ethics. The Archaeological Institute of America has a list of collaborating organizations; and in the UK, try the Council for British Archaeologys website for CBA Groups. We Need You To be perfectly honest, the archaeological profession needs you, needs your support and your passion for archaeology, to grow, to increase our numbers, to help protect the archaeological sites and cultural heritage of the world. Join an amateur society soon. Youll never regret it.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 34

Case Study Example The GP refers Daphne to a geriatrician for a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Before the assessment is undertaken, Daphne falls heavily in the shower and fractures her hip. Timothy contacts Jonathon, who calls an ambulance and after assessing Daphne the paramedics transfer her to hospital. Following surgery Daphne spends a month mobilising in the rehabilitation ward before being transferred to the sub-acute Transitional Care Unit. Here she is assessed for continuing transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) and for further signs of cognitive impairment and memory loss. At the multidisciplinary team case conference it is decided that, due to Daphne’s increasing frailty and cognitive decline, her discharge planning will include an ACAT Assessment for high level care in a Residential Aged Care Facility (RACF). As Daphne’s Enduring Guardian and Power of Attorney, Timothy is contacted to participate in a family case conference with the multidisciplinary team, consisting of a geriatrician, resident medical officer (RMO), physiotherapist, occupational therapi st, dietician, social worker, and a transitional unit registered nurse responsible for discharge planning. Q1: In your allocated role as part of the HOSPITAL multidisciplinary team in the case conference, what are the issues you need to consider in order for Daphne to be admitted to residential care? - 150 words As an occupational therapist, my role is to assess the home environment to make recommendations for residential care. The ability that Daphne has to look after herself needs to be taken into account, as someone who is unable to carry out daily life without significant help may require admission into residential care. As part of the hospital-based team, I would also consider what type of residential care that Daphne might need – some residential care homes offer

Amazon Rainforest Environmental Studies Research Paper

Amazon Rainforest Environmental Studies - Research Paper Example Amazon Rainforest Amazon rainforest is found to be the biggest forest and the biggest space which is covered by tropical animals and plants. Forest territory of Amazon is basically a tropical rainforest which is spread across the northern region of South American continent. The entire rainforest is shared by almost eight nations which are Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Columbia, Peru, Guiana, Venezuela and Suriname (Save the Amazon Rainforest, Amazon Rainforest). The largest section (almost 60%) of the Amazon rainforest can be found in Brazil. In fact, half of Brazil is covered by this rainforest. The rainforest of Amazon is also famous as Amazonia. It is seen as one of the most important greatest natural resources that are found on planet earth. Experts often call it the â€Å"Lungs of this planet† as it consistently produces oxygen by converting carbon dioxide of the environment (Amazon Rainforest, Blue Planet Biomes). It is found that almost 20% the world’s oxygen come fr om this rainforest. The nickname ‘rainforest’ signifies the humidity that is found in this region. However, rainfall does not happen all the time. Usually tropical rainforests are situated near the equator, as a result they are found to be very hot. All the heat leads to huge volume of evaporation of water into the air. The trees in the forest retain the water in their roots and branches. The combination of all these actions makes the entire area very much humid. The humidity, rain and heat have made the Amazon rainforest a rich ecosystem (Save the Amazon Rainforest, Amazon Rainforest). The magnitude of both rain and temperature is found to be consistent throughout the year. The average temperature in this region is 79 ° F (Amazon Rainforest, Blue Planet Biomes). It is already mentioned that approximately half of Brazil is covered by the Amazonia. A very crucial fact is that the canopy of the Amazon rainforest is less studied as compared to the ocean floor. Many exper ts believe that it is very much possible that the half of all the species in world can be found in the canopy of this rainforest. What is already found is that more than 500 mammals, 175 types of lizards and almost one of third earth’s birds live in the Amazonia. It is predicted that nearly 30 million types of insects live in this region (Amazon Rainforest, Blue Planet Biomes). The Amazon rainforest can be seen as the combination of four different layers. Each of these layers consists of unique plants, animals and ecosystems. The first layer is happened to be the tallest among all. In this layer trees having height of 200 feet are found. The leaves are often found to be small. Furthermore, a thick waxy surface is found over the leaves. This layer experiences significant fluctuation of wind, rainfall and temperature (Amazon Rainforest, Blue Planet Biomes). The next layer i.e. ‘the canopy’ is considered to be a major layer of Amazonia. Most of the trees in this lay er have oval and smooth leaves and almost 80% of sunlight gets filtered through them. The canopy acts as a home to hundreds and thousands of species. The next layer gets 3-5% of the sunlight. Plants in this layer find some unique ways of adaptability in this shadowy system. Due to very low movement of air, plants and their leaves greatly depend on the animals and insects for pollinating the flowers (Amazon Rainfores

World Change Essay Example for Free

World Change Essay In my discussion I will share two important definitions of world changer and include challenges that are related to health and health care needs, with the issues that pertain to nursing. World changer can have different meanings to many different people. The one definition that I related to personally was actually a quote from President Abraham Lincoln â€Å" By serving others and putting others’ needs before oneself, only then can anyone truly impact the world with change. † Abraham Lincoln (World- Changers for Resources. (2008).. he other important definition of world changer began in 1999 for my school, Indiana Wesleyan College, as a new initiative both to students and faculty and is now included in our mission statement as a commitment to changing the world by developing students in character, scholarship, and leadership. (Indiana Wesleyan University, 1999). World issues effect the improving of global health with multiple challenges including health problems of society. In 2003 a request for these challenges were gathered and included in a working paper in the Journal of Nursing. Here is the list of identified challenges that was sponsored by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the National Cancer Institute (http:/www. grandchallengesgh. org/).. Suggestions for improving education for women, addressing problems in the social environment focusing on reducing poverty to decrease illness/diseases. Make the world safer, the level of mortality continues to increase, including maternal and infant mortality, with premature deaths being the leading cause of death of newborns. Improve adolescent mental health by providing education including sexually identity which can be a cause for suicide, which is the third leading cause of death. (Hegyvary, 2004). Prevent spread of infectious diseases; manage physical and mental illnesses, and link health system and social processes. Global health can improve if everyone would take responsibility to participate in understanding health care, make simple life style changes, and be committed to meeting the basic needs of others. Dickenson-Hazard, 2004) The challenges that pertain to nurses include the knowledge nurses need, the way they learn, the type of facilities and the conditions of work environments. The most significant contributions in the health care for nurses is to provide holistic and humane care. Personal plan to be a world changer includes gaining growth spiritually, developing leadership through knowledge and skill, and to continue to place others needs above mine.

Black Leaders Of 20th Century Essay -- essays research papers

BLACK LEADERS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY In the time after the fall of radical black reconstruction of the nineteenth century, African Americans were being oppressed by rural farming, civil rights, economical advancement and sharecropping. Booker T. Washington charged the fight for economical and political accommodation with his dream of equal civil rights. Timothy Thomas Fortune was an influential black journalist that fought for the rights of African Americans through literal resistance. The Lonely Warrior, Ida B. Wells was an outspoken voice against lynching throughout America and fought against the oppression of men and woman everywhere. Booker T. Washington was one of the last great African American leaders born into slavery. Washington emphasized political means and civil rights along with economic means and self-determination. Washington was the founder of the Tuskegee Normal and the Industrial Institute in 1881, for the development of skilled trade. The Instituted was the largest self-black supported Institution in America at the time. The school taught the arts of trade, self-determination and economical independence of sharecropping. Washington gave the Atlanta Compromise Address in 1895, to disclaim the notion of white supremacy and social equality to the south. Booker T. Washington sought to influence whites, but sought out the solid programs of economical and educational progress for blacks. Washington was one that thought that speaking out against injustice was self-defeating and should be suppressed. Washington founded the National Negro Business League in 1900, helped put a stronghold on substantial black population and did little for black business. As the chief black advisor to President Roosevelt and Taft, Washington devoted much of his time to securing federal jobs and used political power to win over key political figures in the North. He aided many blacks businesses but also hindered the activities of those who spoke against him. He also helped appoint the first black assistant US Attorney General. Many of Washington's ideas and concepts are still being used today in black communities. Booker T. Washington was in control of many black newspapers that agreed with his views and opinions.... ...hting for all possible rights. Ida B. Well's kept up her fight for black equality for all African-Americans. Her fight stayed alive for some time until mutual friends such as Washington and Fortune decided to push her out of newspaper journalism for black rights and eventually out of the NAACP. All three figures that are talked about above are some of the greatest leaders in the fight for African-American rights. Booker T. Washington was a fine leader in (towards starting) the movement to push black equality, however he lacked the courage to be a true leader because he only wanted to keep whites pleased. The "Agitator" as Thomas T. Fortune was a great editor of black newspaper, next to Du Bois. Fortune is not all that and a bag of chips. He is a man that lived on hiding behind Washington and his ideas, was just a toy of Washington. "Joan of Arc", Ida B. Wells was the anti-lynching spokeswomen and the true heart and soul behind the fight for black equality in America. She is the only true independent leader out of the above. Wells spoke her mind, which was the truth, and she never looked back even when it was her life that mattered.

Critisism of the microcredit if NGOs in Bangladesh

The criticism of microcircuit programs of Nags in Bangladesh A research paper exercised by M. Hoses suicide MS Roll no. 09122453 session: 2012-13 Department of Economics Satiny Kabuki Kaki Unusual Islam University. Email address: [email  protected] Com Rant Johan Roll no. 09122444 Email address: Acknowledgement It is a great honor for us to work on the assigned topic and we feel glad to accomplish our task. Along with our sincerity and interest, there are few people, who really helped us to make this endeavor to be a successful one.At first, we would like to pass our appreciation, gratitude and thanks to our honorable teacher MD. Backchat Duding. His valuable suggestions and ideas in every step of our work helped us a lot to prepare this paper. Special thanks are due to the people of Trials Apical for helping us in collecting the required data for the work. Finally, we acknowledge the profound blessings and kindness of the almighty. Abstract The present study explores the criticism of the microcircuit programs of Nags in the Trials Apical under Enmeshing district. Here, we use primary data which we collect through field survey.And we found out that there has some problem of microcircuit program of Nags. This paper also examines empirically the impact of credited on the study area and found out that the interest rate of Nags is very high. This study also discusses and suggests ways to overcome the problem. So we structured this paper as follows. The first two sections of the paper provide the introduction, objective and explain the research methodology. Section three outlines the literature review. Section four explains the overall condition of the microcircuit program of Nags in the study area and also in case of Bangladesh.And section finally provides recommendation and concluding remarks. Key words: Nags, Microcircuit, interest rate, efficiency of credit, socioeconomic notation. Background of the study: Bangladesh, a country located in the south-east Asian region, inhabits above 160 million people in 55. 598 sq. Mile. And Bangladesh is one of the least developed countries, remains a poor, overpopulated, and inefficiently governed national. And poverty is the main problem of this country. Now a large number of Nags (Non Governmental Organization) are working to alleviate the poverty of the masses.They have played a very significant role in opening up access to credit for the poor people in distant areas. During the last three decades the idea of microcircuit helps poor people to build businesses, increase their income and also fight against poverty. Microcircuit has been introduced to rural communities in Bangladesh as a means of economic and social development. But in some cases microcircuit programs of Nags was not so satisfactory. We study about the negative impact of Nags of Trials Apical under Enmeshing district.The total population of this area is 372498 where a total area is 338. 98 sq. Km and 43. 30 percent (2005, World Bank) p eople live under poverty line. The study reveals the socio economic condition, microcircuit problem and also the positive and negative attitude of Nags in the study area. Objective of the study: The core purpose of the study is to identify the criticism of Nags operation. The specific objectives area To understanding the nature of the problem. 0 To identify the microcircuit problem of the study area. 0 To examine the effects of MONGO sector in the study area.Methodology of the study: The study is an exploratory by nature and is based on both primary and secondary data. We have collected primary data through questionnaire method. To determine the major problems of microcircuit program of Nags and socio economic condition of Trials Apical primary data was collected through field survey. And secondary data are collected from research reports, relevant published documents including books, different Journals, newspapers, magazines, website, etc that are relevant to the study. Limitation of the study: There are a number of limitations in this study.That area The respondents are limited (100 respondents or samples) in terms of size and composition. So the result may not be interpreting the overall situation of the study area. 0 The data collection was restricted only within the Trials Apical in Enmeshing district of Bangladesh which may fail to represent the actual scenario of the whole country. Sometimes respondents are biased so we cannot get appropriate data. 0 Some of the respondents are reluctant to give interview because of their experience with previous research works in the area which, according to them, bore no benefit for them.Literature review: Literature review refers the examination of other works that have done by other researchers on the criticism of microcircuit program of Nags in Bangladesh. Eave found that, in our country very few studies have been done by archduchesses Froze Begum, Salt Holmic Zamia and MD. Shania Khan(2004) studied about,†Ro le of Nags in Rural Poverty Eradication: A Bangladesh Observation†. In this paper he explores the role of Nags in poverty eradication especially in rural area of Bangladesh. He examines that how the Nags of this country are playing a positive and also negative role to the poor people.GAP, Donor Brief (No. 18, may 2004), examines about, â€Å"The Impact of Interest Rate Ceilings on Magnificence†. Here they explore that, interest rate is higher in MONGO than normal Commercial Bank rates and explain that interest rate ceilings almost always hurt the poor people. Sheikh Kabuki Duding Header, studied on â€Å"Impact of the Nags on socioeconomic conditions in Bangladesh: A study on Rajahs District†. He identify that poor people's are benefited who are engaged with MONGO. He also observed some limitations of the MONGO programs.The daily star (Dacha, Deck, 12, 2008) highlighted that, magnificence is not a panacea for poverty reduction. And here explained the serious prob lem faced by microcircuit borrowers. David Helm and Paul Mostly (1996) also studied about the impacts of microcircuit programs of Nags. They found that, poor households does not benefited from magnificence. More troubling is the findings that a vast majority of those with starting incomes below the poverty line actually ended up with sees incremental income after getting micro loans. Overview of the study: Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world.Here women are deprived by men. Many women are the victims of violence, their occupational choices are narrower and their earnings lower than men and the major portion of the women in rural Bangladesh living in abject poverty. But only a few of them get opportunity to access various types of rural enterprises that can help them to improve their economic condition. This situation has fostered the emergence of Non-Governmental Organizations (Nags). They help poor women by giving microcircuit. Now we have to discuss about microc ircuit programs of Nags in Bangladesh perspective. Present scenario of microcircuit program of Nags in Bangladesh: In Bangladesh there are several institutions which is involved in magnificence activities. Nags started credit program in mid-eighties and their activities increased noticeable higher after 1990 (CDC, 2000). There are several Nosh which giving credit to the poor people, such as- Grahame Bank, BARACK, AS, SPADE, Burro Bangladesh, ASS, Rural Reconstruction, Poppy, etc. This magnificence sector is mature now and its assets constitute around 3 percent of GAP in 2011. Total outstanding loan of this sector (only licensed Miff) has increased by 20 percent from BAT 145. Billion in June 2010 to BAT 173. 8 billion in June, 2011 disburse among 20. 7 million poor people, helping them to be sleepyhead and accelerating overall economic development process of the country. The overall trend of magnificence statistics in Bangladesh can be shown by a table- Table: Basic statistics of MON GO-Miffs in Bangladesh (As of 30 June 2011) June'2010 No of Licensed INCOMING 516 June'2011 576 Total clients(million) Borrowers(million) 25. 28 19. 21 Amount Amount of of loan savings(TX million) 145022. 6 51362. 93 26. 08 20. 65 173797. 60 63304. 4 source: MR.-MIS Database-2011 The table shows that, at the end of June'2011, the sector had outstanding loans of BAT 173. 8 billion disbursed to 20. 7 million borrowers and had accumulated BAT 63. 3 billion as savings from around 26. 10 million clients over 93 percent of them are women. Here we see that, the credit amount is more than savings amount. 0 Role of microcircuit programs of Nags in Bangladesh: Bangladesh is a member of the worlds least developed countries, having increased population density, unemployment, illiteracy, socio-communal unrest and many more.Now-a-days Nags have been playing supportive roles with the government. The role played by the Nags in Bangladesh is very good. They help poor people by giving credit faciliti es to alleviate poverty among the rural poor population. Generally, the Nags help women to empowering them. If women are empowered then their living standard also improved. We know that most of the rural peoples fight against the poverty and to get employment. And the Nags help these people by creating awareness among them, inspiring them and give credit facilities to self-employed. By these ways the Nags help for sustainable development of Bangladesh.Discussion and findings: Our study is to find out the criticism of microcircuit program of Nags in the study area. The study reveals activities about microcircuit programs of Nags in Trials Apical. The total population of this area is 372498 where a total area is 338. 98 sq. Km. But we take only 100 samples to investigate the activities of microcircuit program of Nags of the study area. The overall investigation can be expressed by following way- Table: Gender, age and educational status of the respondents Total Respondents Age group M ale Female >26 8 92 Percentage 8% 92% 13 Educational status 2650

Iphone Marketing Strategy Essay

Apple rank no. 1 as the most admired company by fortune. The actual I-phone was launched through Apple Company during 2006-2007 periods. It uses marketing mix & market segmentation strategies. It maintains high secrecy about its products from getting out in the market. It creates innovative products & services aligned with a digital hub strategy, whereby apple computer functions as the digital hub for digital devices. It fully understands that all aspects of customer experience are important & that all brand touch points must reinforce the Apple brand. There are various kinds of creative advertisements designed by Apple that reflect their products to creative individuals. Various other strategies adopted by apple I-phone are Brand awareness, ease of use, Compatibility with iTunes & Mac/apple products for upgradeability, secrecy is maintained before any high level product launch to increase the inquisitiveness about the particular product & generate keen interest from the market & consumers & it’s promoted as form of new generation hip phone which has bit of a professional touch to it. Due to their secrecy, innovation, branding & product to product connectivity & compatibility, i-Phone is the most sought after mobile device & is the current market leader in the mobile market. I-phone incorporates consumer behavior into their marketing strategies by maintaining a high level of secrecy about their product. They let the rumors fly left & right about their products that only a particular number product units are being produced & sold in the market, which is about to be launched by them, which in turn creates an awe-inspiring hype & buzz over the apple products, This scarcity of product in the market leads the consumer to put a lot more value to the product & push itself furthermore to purchase it. The coy approach has been the company’s mantra since the first I-Phone release, a strategy that has worked to drum up insatiable demand of the consumers. People actually camp out near the shops 24 hrs before the launch of a new I-phone, everyone wants to get their hands on the product before anyone else, it becomes a must have product for the consumers.

Thoreaus Resistance to Civil Government †English Literature Essay (200 Level Course)

Thoreaus Resistance to Civil Government – English Literature Essay (200 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Thoreaus Resistance to Civil Government English Literature Essay (200 Level Course) While reading Resistance to Civil Government it is clear that Thoreau longs of a government that does not use a standing army and political manipulation to control the masses. It is clear that his vision of the â€Å"American Dream† is one where a citizens do not hand over their decision making powers and freedoms to the legislator or to any power other then themselves. Thoreau implorers the reader to formulate their own opinion on social and economic issues. He asks them to revolt against the â€Å"right hand of a standing government† and that participation in any act of the political process from voting to policing is merely fueling the fire that burns away at personal freedom. For it is freedom that Thoreau sees as the â€Å"American Dream† and nothing less. It is to this pursuit that Thoreau channels his frustration and anger towards. He believes that men are born free both in mind and body. He presents no valid reason why this should ever change. Anything less then this is merely seen as being cheated. â€Å"If you are cheated out of a single dollar by your neighbor, you do not rest satisfied with knowing that you are cheated†. Thoreau is no way a man that is at rest with himself, with dreams, with his government, with his country and certainly not with his readers. He demands action from principle and the performance of right. This is the America that Thoreau wants and anything less would only mean that his fight is not over. Thoreau goes as far as to say that the reader should be prepared to make great sacrifices for their fight to regain personal freedom. Participation in this fight may cause the reader to run the risk of compromising the little personal freedom that is currently possessed. â€Å"The true place for a just man is also a prison†, his claim that the current imprisonment of the mind is far worse then the physical imprisonment threatened. Imprisonment is seen only as a tool by the establishment to herd the masses and should not be feared, as Thoreau sees the reader’s daily life no more free. Thoreau expands on his vision of the â€Å"American Dream† in Walden, or Life in the woods. He makes his point of self-reliance clear within the first few paragraphs of the work by making sure that reader understands that he himself built his house at Walden and that his own hands provide him his living. Even that he feels inclined to state his distance between him and his closest neighbor shows the reader how important the idea of personal space is to him. Personal space not only as it relates the threshold for creative thought but in the very important, but simple, concept of physical distance from that which can control some element of your being. Thoreau sees that his way of life pertinent to his writing, for his conviction would go meaningless if not for his own dedication to Transcendentalism. In so many ways Thoreau, himself, is his main character. No fictional character could up ever live up this standard and it would be a great injustice to think of his life merely as a story. He is a revolutionary that has inspired major conquests in civil rights from Gandhi to Martin Luther King, Jr. Great men such as them would have been so implored by a tail where no real person suffered. Research Papers on Thoreau's Resistance to Civil Government - English Literature Essay (200 Level Course)Mind TravelQuebec and CanadaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraTrailblazing by Eric AndersonBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaCapital PunishmentUnreasonable Searches and Seizures

How Solar Flares Work and the Risks They Pose

How Solar Flares Work and the Risks They Pose A sudden flash of brightness on the Suns surface is called a solar flare. If the effect is seen on a star besides the Sun, the phenomenon is called a stellar flare. A stellar or solar flare releases a vast amount of energy, typically on the order of  1 Ãâ€" 1025  joules, over a broad spectrum of wavelengths and particles. This amount of energy is comparable to the explosion of 1 billion megatons of TNT or ten million volcanic eruptions. In addition to light, a solar flare may eject atoms, electrons, and ions into space in what is called a coronal mass ejection. When particles are released by the Sun, they are able to reach Earth within a day or two. Fortunately, the mass may be ejected outward in any direction, so the Earth isnt always affected. Unfortunately, scientists arent able to forecast flares, only give a warning when one has occurred. The most powerful solar flare was the first one that was observed. The event occurred on September 1, 1859, and is called the Solar Storm of 1859 or the Carrington Event. It was reported independently by astronomer Richard Carrington and Richard Hodgson. This flare was visible to the naked eye, set telegraph systems aflame, and produced auroras all the way down to Hawaii and Cuba. While scientists at the time didnt have the ability to measure the strength of the solar flare, modern scientists were able to reconstruct the event based on nitrate and the isotope beryllium-10 produced from the radiation. Essentially, evidence of the flare was preserved in ice in Greenland. How  a Solar Flare Works Like planets, stars consists of multiple layers. In the case of a solar flare, all layers of the Suns atmosphere are affected. In other words, energy is released from the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. Flares tend to occur near sunspots, which are regions of intense magnetic fields. These fields link the atmosphere of the Sun to its interior. Flares are believed to result from a process called magnetic reconnection, when loops of magnetic force break apart, rejoin  and release energy. When magnetic energy is suddenly released by the corona (suddenly meaning over a matter of minutes), light and particles are accelerated into space. The source of the released matter appears to be material from the unconnected helical magnetic field, however, scientists havent completely worked out how flares work and why there are sometimes more released particles than the amount within a coronal loop. Plasma in the affected area reaches temperatures in the order of tens of million Kelvin, wh ich is nearly as hot as the Suns core. The electrons, protons, and ions are accelerated by the intense energy to nearly the speed of light. Electromagnetic radiation covers the entire spectrum, from gamma rays to radio waves. The energy released in the visible part of the spectrum makes some solar flares observable to the naked eye, but most of the energy is outside the visible range, so flares are observed using scientific instrumentation. Whether or not a solar flare is accompanied by a coronal mass ejection is not readily predictable. Solar flares may also release a flare spray, which involves an ejection of material that is faster than a solar prominence. Particles released from a flare spray may attain a velocity of 20 to 200 kilometers per second (kps). To put this into perspective, the speed of light is 299.7 kps! How Often Do Solar Flares Occur? Smaller solar flares occur more often than large ones. The frequency of any flare occurring depends on the activity of the Sun. Following the 11-year solar cycle, there may be several flares per day during an active part of the cycle, compared with fewer than one per week during a quiet phase. During peak activity, there may be 20 flares a day and over 100 per week. How Solar Flares Are Classified An earlier method of solar flare classification was based on the intensity of  the  HÃŽ ±Ã‚  line of the solar spectrum. The modern classification system categorizes flares according to their peak flux of 100 to 800 picometer X-rays, as observed by the GOES spacecraft that orbit the Earth. Classification Peak Flux (Watts per square meter) A 10−7 B 10−7 – 10−6 C 10−6 – 10−5 M 10−5 – 10−4 X 10−4 Each category is further ranked on a linear scale, such that an X2 flare is twice as potent as an X1 flare. Ordinary Risks From Solar Flares Solar flares produce what is called solar weather on Earth. The solar wind impacts the magnetosphere of the Earth, producing aurora borealis and australis, and presenting a radiation risk to satellites, spacecraft, and astronauts. Most of the risk is to objects in low Earth orbit, but coronal mass ejections from solar flares can knock out power systems on Earth and completely disable satellites. If satellites did come down,  cell phones and GPS systems would be without service. The ultraviolet light and x-rays released by a flare disrupt long-range radio and likely increase the risk of sunburn and cancer. Could a Solar Flare Destroy the Earth? In a word: yes. While the planet itself would survive an encounter with a superflare, the atmosphere could be bombarded with radiation and all life could be obliterated. Scientists have observed the release of superflares from other stars up to 10,000 times more powerful than a typical solar flare. While most of these flares occur in stars that have more powerful magnetic fields than our Sun, about 10% of the time the star is comparable to or weaker than the Sun. From studying tree rings, researchers believe Earth has experienced two small superflares- one in 773 C.E. and another in 993 C.E. Its possible we can expect a superflare about once a millennium. The chance of an extinction level superflare is unknown. Even normal flares can have devastating consequences. NASA revealed Earth narrowly missed a catastrophic solar flare on July 23, 2012. If the flare had occurred just a week earlier, when it was pointed directly at us, society would have been knocked back to the Dark Ages. The intense radiation would have disabled electrical grids, communication, and GPS on a global scale. How likely is such an event in the future? Physicist Pete Rile calculates the odds of a disruptive solar flare is 12% per 10 years. How to Predict Solar Flares At present, scientists cannot predict a solar flare with any degree of accuracy. However, high sunspot activity is associated with an increased chance of flare production. Observation of sunspots, particularly the type called delta spots, is used to calculate the probability of a flare occurring and how strong it will be. If a strong flare (M or X class) is predicted, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) issues a forecast/warning. Usually, the warning allows for 1-2 days of preparation. If a solar flare and coronal mass ejection occur, the severity of the flares impact on Earth depends on the type of particles released and how directly the flare faces the Earth. Sources Big Sunspot 1520 Releases X1.4 Class Flare With Earth-Directed CME. NASA. July 12, 2012.Description of a Singular Appearance seen in the Sun on September 1, 1859, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, v20, pp13, 1859.Karoff, Christoffer. Observational evidence for enhanced magnetic activity of superflare stars. Nature Communications volume 7, Mads Faurschou Knudsen, Peter De Cat, et al., Article number: 11058, March 24, 2016.

Comapre And Contrast The Inner Coffin Of Tutankhamuns Sarcophagus With Essay

Comapre And Contrast The Inner Coffin Of Tutankhamuns Sarcophagus With Nike (Victory) Of Samothrace - Essay Example Furthermore, it talks about the techniques and speaking styles that existed and the differences between the styles and techniques. Then it concludes with brief summary of the two main topics. Introduction Tutankhamun’s inner coffin sarcophagus The Tutankhamun tomb always contained four gilded shrines that are nested inside each other to decrease their sizes. A quartzite red Sarcophagus was inside the shrine that protected the three anthropoid coffins shaped by a man. Gilded wood was used to make the first two coffins but the final one was made of solid gold. This solid gold coffin was used to house King Tut mummy and the fabulous golden death mask. On the other hand, sarcophagus is defined as the stone container that is used to house a coffin to the Egyptian mummy. Generally, the word sarcophagus was the name of the stone coffins which were not sunk underground2. It is also known as ‘possessor of life’ that related to their belief of afterlife and deceased were ev entually going to be reborn. Sarcophagus was mainly used as an external layer that protected the royal mummy of Tutankhamun body. It contained three netted layers of coffins which were anthropoid or man-shaped. Tutankhamun Sarcophagus was made of red quartzite; it is rectangular in shape measuring about nine feet high five feet wide and nine feet long. It is protected by a series of three gold Anthropoid coffins nested within each other. The Pharaoh Tutankhamun mummy was covered with a death mask. Each and every section of the king Tut web addresses all topics providing interesting information and facts about the Golden age pharaohs in Egypt. Nike victory of Samothrace In Greek mythology, Nike was the goddess of victory. Homers don’t personify Nike. It was discovered in 1863. It was created to both honors Nike the goddess and the sea battle. It usually conveys a sense of triumph and action. Moreover, it portrays artful drapery that flows through the futures which were conside red ideal to the Greeks. The Samothrace winged victory was also called the Nike of Samothrace, a third century marble sculptor, presumably originated from Rhodian. Despite its incompleteness and significant damage, victory was considered a great surviving sculpture masterpiece from Hellenistic period. This statue shows mastery form of movement that impresses artists and critics since its discovery3. According to the Greeks, their victory goddess (Nike) was a very beautiful lady endowed with wings. The exceptional monument rose upon Samothrace isle that was set in a niche which overlooked the great god’s sanctuary and celebrate sea success. Here, the goddess stands on prow of galley; it resisted the gusty storm while putting her right arm high. This was an ex-voto of the victory by Rhodians which was won at the 2nd century start. Compare and contrast Tutankhamun’s inner coffin sarcophagus against the Nike victory of Samothrace. Tutankhamun coffin consist of gilded shrin es nested one inside the other hence the innermost is covered with a stone sarcophagus while the Nike of Samothrace stood originally on the marble bow of a sculpted worship, a monument that commemorated a victory of naval. Inside the Tutankhamun, there are three coffins, the innermost being made of 110 kg of solid gold where Pharaoh body is being laid wearing the famous gold mask. However, Nike of Samothrace is designed in manner that seems as if she is landing a fierce headwind with her great wings still

Business Strategy Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Strategy Case Study - Essay Example As a result, the market share of GM has been slipping over the years. Like all North American and European car manufacturers, GM has also been outsourcing production facilities to low cost destinations in Latin America and Asia since the 1990s. This has enabled it to capture new markets as well as reduce costs to some extent. But, in North America, it remains straddled with high costs because of its legacy of high employee costs and strong trade unions that prevent shut down of loss-making plants. Besides, GM has invested little in research and product development. Hence, its numerous brands are ageing and less competitive in comparison to the sleek models manufactured by Japanese and Korean manufacturers. The automobile industry is one of the largest industries in the United States and contributes 5 percent of the private Gross Domestic Product (BERA, 2004). The country is also the largest manufacturer of automobiles in the world, having produced 12.2 million units in 2002. The "Big Three" US automobile manufacturers - General Motors (GM), Ford and Daimler-Chrysler - producers 76 percent of the vehicles sold in the US while 18 percent is contributed by Japanese manufacturers - Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Isuzu - and 2 percent by European manufacturers - BMW and Mercedes (division of Daimler-Chrysler). While the Asian and European manufacturers rely on exports, the US is the principal global market of automobiles hence the demand for US manufacturers is generated mostly domestically and to a small extent from Canada. II.A.1. Industry trends, conditions and key strategic factors Historically, North American manufacturers have been major players in the global automobile industry and GM, since its formation by William C Durant in 1908, has been a name to reckon with (Jones, 2005). However, over the period of a hundred years, much has changed in the structure and pattern of the industry, forcing GM to diversify from high-end passenger cars alone to catering to different segments of customer demand as well as engage in strategic partnerships with global players and extend production facilities in foreign lands (BERA, 2004). Particularly since the last half of the 1990s, globalization of automobile manufacturing, primarily aimed to cut product costs, have resulted in multiple production facilities down the value chain in a number of countries across continents. All the major players have invested heavily in outsourced destinations in Latin America, China, Malaysia and other countries in south east Asia. The "big Three" of North American automobile manufacturers, GM, Ford and Chrysler have also engaged in strategic partnerships with European counterparts. The industry has seen consolidation along the three tiers, with the first tier being composed of GM, Ford, Toyota, Honda and Volkswagen while the lower two tiers initiating mergers among themselves in order to remain competitive. II. A.2. Analysis of competitors In the early years of the 20th